Quarter 4: WAIWAI
Each quarter we focus on one of our core Hawaiian values. A variety of lessons based on the theme have been developed as a resource for our teachers, schools, and mentoring program participants to supplement the hands-on learning that occurs on-site.
Na Ke Kanaka Mahiʻai Ka Imu Ō Nui
NA KE KANAKA MAHIʻAI KA IMU Ō NUI. #2239*
The well-filled imu belongs to the man who tills the soil.
What does it mean to be wealthy?
How do we quantify wealth?
One might argue that the way a society quantifies wealth speaks to what it truly values. In Hawaiian, the word for wealth and riches is waiwai. Here we see the word wai (freshwater) repeated twice, emphasizing its importance. [More info on wai: Uwē ka lani, ola ka honua]. Water brings life to both land and people. This partnership allows land to be cultivated, in turn producing food that nourishes body, mind, and spirit.
This process requires time, commitment, vision, and a lot of hard work. It takes around a year for kalo (taro) to grow to maturity. Within that time, you may need to cultivate and fertilize the soil, build up the kuāuna (banks), pull weeds, cut grass, rebuild mounds, clear out and maintain the ʻauwai (irrigated ditches/waterways), pull some more weeds, and then, after months of tending, you are ready to huki ʻai (pull the kalo).
In Hawaiʻi, as in many cultures around the world, food is enjoyed communally and is often a way we express our aloha for one another. Being able to not only sustain yourself but also present your loved ones with ʻai (food, taro) that you poured your own hard work and dedication into growing is seen as a mark of wealth.
This ʻōlelo noʻeau reminds us that celebrating abundance comes as a result of hard work.
It might take months, or perhaps years, of hana (work) to grow enough food to fill an imu (underground oven). However, that commitment to everyday tasks means that in the end, one is able to share and enjoy what was produced through seasons of labor. This is waiwai.
As we savor the things we are enjoying in this season, let us also reflect on and appreciate the times of challenge and perseverance it took us to get here.
By that same token, let us also remember that if we are ʻono (craving) for poi today, we should have been thinking about it a year ago. What do we want to be able to enjoy in the future and are there ways we need to begin preparing today?
INQUIRY QUESTIONS
Why is hard work important?
What is a goal you are currently working toward? Why?
What will it take to get there? What are the challenges you may face? How might you overcome them?
Why is it worth it? What will you have accomplished and be able to enjoy once you achieve your goal?
VOCABULARY
Waiwai: Wealth, rich, valuable, wealthy
Wai: Freshwater
Kanaka: Human being, man, person
Mahiʻai: Farmer, planter; to farm, cultivate
Kuāuna: Bank or border of a taro patch
Huki ʻai: Pull taro that is ready to be prepared. Literally pull food
Imu: Underground oven
Nui: Big, large, abundant; a lot
ʻOno: To crave; delicious
Kilo: To observe, watch closely
ʻĀina Momona
ʻĀina Momona describes a land that is rich, abundant, plentiful, sweet and fat. It is a land that abounds in and produces much food. We see this in the word ʻāina itself. While often translated as “land”, in it we have the word ʻai, which also means to eat and is a way to refer to both food and kalo. Thus, in the Hawaiian worldview, ʻāina is not merely land, but land that is healthy and one that feeds and nourishes.
Would we consider our lands today to be ʻāina momona?
Kailua was known as a land of abundance. Springs and freshwater streams flowed through the valley of Maunawili, pouring in and out of loʻi kalo, wetland taro fields, and emptying into Kawainui fishpond, which was teaming with life. Fast forward to 2007 when the land at Kapalai that Hoʻokuaʻāina currently stewards was completely overgrown with invasive weeds, California grass over 6 feet tall, and trees so thick that it was impossible to walk through. There were no loʻi, no kalo growing, and certain areas had even been used as a dumpsite. And yet, the ʻāina and spirit called out, and with the dedication of an ʻohana and the help of thousands of community members, Kapunawaiolaokapalai, the living and life-giving spring of Kapalai, has been restored to again being an ʻāina that grows food as well as people.
In 2019, we produced a little over 25-thousand pounds of raw kalo on just over three acres of land here at Kapalai. This is one small plot of land in one ʻili ʻāina (smaller land division) of one ahupuaʻa on the island of Oʻahu. Can you imagine what might happen if we began to restore the thousands of acres that are currently overgrown and unkept, even just on our small island? Think of the amount of food that could be produced and the number of kanaka (individuals) and families that might be restored in the process.
When we consider the issues our communities face today, how might the restoration of ʻāina and the subsequent restoration of the kanaka who are called to be its stewards, address, or perhaps work to eliminate many of the challenges we face? In addition to growing more food, how might we make our island home more momona in ways that benefit the collective and not just the individual?
If we call Hawaiʻi our home, then we all have the kuleana (responsibility, privilege) to care for and to mālama this place. Let us catch a vision for what that might look like as we work together to cultivate and to steward abundance.
INQUIRY QUESTIONS
What would it look like for ʻāina to be thriving and healthy?
What can our community do to help our ahupuaʻa, moku, and mokupuni to become more momona?
What can we as individuals do to help the ʻāina to become (or remain) momona?
VOCABULARY
Waiwai: Wealth, rich, valuable, wealthy
ʻĀina: Land, that which feeds
Momona: Rich, abundant, plentiful, sweet, fat
Kanaka: Human being, individual, person
Loʻi kalo: Wetland taro fields
ʻIli / ʻIli ʻāina: Smaller land division than an ahupuaʻa
Ahupuaʻa: Land division that typically went from the mountains to the sea.
Kapunawaiolaokapalai: The living, healing, life-giving spring of Kapalai. Name of ʻāina Hoʻokuaʻāina stewards.
Kuleana: Responsibility, privilege, authority
Mālama: To care for
Kilo: To observe, watch closely
Hele nō ka ʻalā, hele nō ka lima
HELE NO KA ʻALĀ, HELE NO KA LIMA. #752*
The rock goes, the hand goes.
To make good poi, the freehand must work in unison with the poi pounder. Keep both hands going to do good work
Watching a skilled person kuʻi ʻai, or pound kalo into poi, is a sight to behold. From the careful tapping of the pōhaku’s (stone) edge during the nahā (cracked, broken) stage, to the gentle slapping (paʻipaʻi) heard as the broken pieces of kalo that have scattered across the board like islands in the ocean (mokumoku) are gathered back together (pili), there is a confidence, peace, and focus that exude as if in the ceremony. A graceful yet strong cadence marks each stroke as the freehand works in unison with the pōhaku kuʻi ʻai (poi pounder), pulling (huki), folding (pelu), and kneading the ʻai (taro) as the poi takes form.
Great care is given when we remember that the objective is not only to feed ourselves but to provide food and sustenance for others. As a result, when we sit down to kuʻi kalo, we do so with intention, bringing our best selves forward.
This ʻōlelo noʻeau highlights the importance of developing skills that demonstrate excellence. Many things in life become art when people elevate a simple task into something of beauty. The process of learning to kuʻi kalo with the skill described above is exactly that – a process. For those unaccustomed, there will be moments of uncertainty and hesitation. However, when approached with humble determination as well as a desire to strive for excellence, the result is a confident grace that will not only bless the individual but will nourish their ʻohana and community as well.
No matter our age, let us ponder the areas we feel prompted to strive toward mastery. How might our pursuit of excellence not only benefit us personally but bring abundance to our families and community?
INQUIRY
What is something you would like to be excellent at? Why?
What will it take to get there? What are the challenges you may face? How might you overcome them?
Why is it worth it? What will you have accomplished and been able to enjoy once you reach this level of mastery? How will it affect you and others?
VOCABULARY
Waiwai: Weath, rich, valuable, wealthy
ʻAlā: Dense waterworn volcanic stone, used for poi pounders
Lima: Hand
Kuʻi: To strike
ʻAi: To eat; kalo; food
Kuʻi ʻai / Kuʻi kalo: The process of pounding kalo into poi
Pōhaku kuʻi ʻai: Stone used to pound taro
Nahā: Cracked, broken
Paʻipaʻi: To slap
Mokumoku: Islands
Pili: Sticky
Huki: To pull
Pelu: To fold
Extension Activities
Kilo (Observations)
Using as many senses as possible, what do you notice about the ʻāina (including fresh and saltwater resources) in your area? Record these items in our Kilo Journal or in a notebook and track them over time.
What plants and animals are growing? What do they sound, smell, and feel like (as appropriate)? Do they change at different times of the day or year?
When does it rain? What does the rain look, sound, smell, feel, and taste like? Are there different types of rains that I notice? What are their characteristics? Where and when do the clouds gather? Are there different types of clouds that come around at different times of the day or at different times of the year?
What do our streams, rivers, and springs look like? Do they change over time? What does the rain look, sound, smell, and feel like?
What is happening in the ocean? What do you see, smell, hear, feel (and taste if appropriate)? Does the activity (waves, animals, limu, etc.) change at different times of the day or year? Are there different types of fish, limu, or other animals present at different types of the year?
Māla ʻAi
In addition to kalo, you could find ways to grow other types of food at home such as kale, lettuce, tomatoes, microgreens, etc. If you have a yard, create a māla (garden) by finding an area that will provide you adequate water and sunlight. If you do not have enough space on your ʻāina, you could mix your soil and compost and place it into buckets or large bins with adequate drainage.
Math: Measure the area needed to plant. Create a sketch of the area with a key that includes your measurement scale. Be sure to map out where each of your plants will go. Each kalo should be around one haʻilima (from elbow to fingertip) apart.
Science: Prepare the soil mixing it with natural organic fertilizers and/or compost before planting. Do daily observations of your kalo and other things in the ʻāina. You can record this data along with measurements on a data table or use our Kilo Journal.
English: Write poems, reflections, or short stories about your māla and the food you are growing. Write an argumentative essay or constructed response about the importance of food sovereignty and growing our own food.
Social Studies: Research the konohiki, ahupuaʻa, and moku systems in Hawaiʻi and the self-sufficiency of traditional Hawaiian land management.
Reflection Questions
What have you learned about what your plants need to stay healthy? How do they respond to different things you have or have not done?
How are tasks like watering and pulling weeds essential to the healthy growth of your plants? What happens when you do or don’t do these things?
How might caring for those plants also help you, your family, and your community to thrive?
Do you notice a shift in your own demeanor when you see your plants thriving?
What do you think would happen if you were not there to care for your māla? How would its health be affected? How would you be affected as well?
Kuʻi Kalo
Prepare kalo to be eaten by cooking and cleaning.
Cut kalo
Kuʻi
Enjoy

Kapalai Kitchen
Try some of these other great recipes: Kapalai Kitchen
Math: Measure ingredients, making adjustments with correct proportions if cooking more or less than what is shared. Given how much of each type of food (kalo, kale, lettuce, etc.) you eat in a given week, calculate the amount of food you need to plant to be able to have enough of that item to satisfy your needs.
Science: Study fermentation of poi. Do taste tests and observations. How does it change from one day to another? What are the effects on your gut biome and overall health? Compare it with other fermentation processes, such as kimchee and sauerkraut.
English: Design videos or blog entries with pictures sharing your own culinary creations.
Social Studies: Consider the statement, “Our food systems determine our social systems.” Create an argumentative essay, constructed response, or video addressing the following questions: Is there truth to this statement? How would we evaluate our current food and social systems? What practical things can you do to improve them? What impacts could this have on Hawaiʻi and the world?
*Pukui, M. K., & Varez, D. (1983). ʻŌlelo Noʻeau: Hawaiian Proverbs & poetical sayings. Honolulu, Hawai’i: Bishop Museum Press.
Content on this page was written and compiled by Danielle Espiritu, Education Specialist